Spread over its seven famous hills, Rome had been founded (as a result of fratricide and divine intervention, if you believed the legends of its mythical founder Romulus) in the mid-eighth century BC, but the Rome of the first century AD would have been unrecognisable from the city of even a century before. The small brick and tufa temples, raised by the competing aristocrats of the late Republic, had been replaced by huge complexes designed for politics, commerce, worship and play and clad in shining polished marble, that proved the magnificence and munificence of the emperor alone. Messalina was born during Tiberius’ reign, but she was born into a city that had been created by his predecessor Augustus. This was a place of unimaginable opulence – a living monument to the imperial power of Rome and, more subtly, to the dynastic power of its imperial family. It was a city that could not help but shape its children





